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💊 DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE

☠ BLACK BOX WARNING
Generic: DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE
ORAL FDA Label
☠
FDA BLACK BOX WARNING

WARNING: (A) PREMATURE DISCONTINUATION OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE CAPSULES INCREASES THE RISK OF THROMBOTIC EVENTS, and (B) SPINAL/EPIDURAL HEMATOMA (A) PREMATURE DISCONTINUATION OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE CAPSULES INCREASES THE RISK OF THROMBOTIC EVENTS Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant…

Quick reference
RouteORAL
ManufacturerAlembic Pharmaceuticals Limited
SourceFDA Label
✅ Indications & Usage ›

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dabigatran etexilate capsules are a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated: • To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation ( 1.1 ) • For the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in adult patients who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5 to 10 days ( 1.2 ) • To reduce the risk of recurrence of DVT and PE in adult patients who have been previously treated ( 1.3 ) • For the prophylaxis of DVT and PE in adult patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery ( 1.4 ) • For the treatment of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in pediatric patients 8 to less than 18 years of age who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for at least 5 days ( 1.5 ) • To reduce the risk of recurrence of VTE in pediatric patients 8 to less than 18 years of age who have been previously treated ( 1.6 )

1.1 Reduction of Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Patients Dabigatran etexilate capsules are indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

1.2 Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Adult Patients Dabigatran etexilate capsules are indicated for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in adult patients who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5 to 10 days.

1.3 Reduction in the Risk of Recurrence of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Adult Patients Dabigatran etexilate capsules are indicated to reduce the risk of recurrence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in adult patients who have been previously treated.

1.4 Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Adult PatientsFollowing Hip Replacement Surgery Dabigatran etexilate capsules are indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in ... [See full FDA label]

💉 Dosage & Administration ›

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Patients: o For patients with CrCl >30 mL/min: 150 mg orally, twice daily ( 2.2 ) o For patients with CrCl 15 to 30 mL/min: 75 mg orally, twice daily ( 2.2 ) • Treatment of DVT and PE in Adult Patients : o For patients with CrCl >30 mL/min: 150 mg orally, twice daily after 5 to 10 days of parenteral anticoagulation ( 2.2 ) • Reduction in the Risk of Recurrence of DVT and PE in Adult Patients : o For patients with CrCl >30 mL/min: 150 mg orally, twice daily after previous treatment ( 2.2 ) • Prophylaxis of DVT and PE Following Hip Replacement Surgery in Adult Patients : o For patients with CrCl >30 mL/min: 110 mg orally first day, then 220 mg once daily ( 2.2 ) • Treatment of Pediatric VTE: o For pediatric patients: weight-based dosage, twice daily after at least 5 days of parenteral anticoagulant ( 2.3 ) • Reduction in the Risk of Recurrence of Pediatric VTE: o For pediatric patients: weight-based dosage, twice daily after previous treatment ( 2.3 ) • Dabigatran etexilate capsules are NOT substitutable on a milligram-to-milligram basis with other dabigatran etexilate dosage forms • Review recommendations for converting to or from other oral or parenteral anticoagulants ( 2.6 , 2.7 ) • Temporarily discontinue dabigatran etexilate capsules before invasive or surgical procedures when possible, then restart promptly ( 2.8 )

2.1 Important Dosage Information Dabigatran etexilate is available in different dosage forms and not all dosage forms are approved for the same indications and age groups. In addition, there are differences between the dosage forms with respect to dosing due to differences in bioavailability. Do not substitute different dosage forms on a milligram-to-milligram basis and do not combine more than one dosage form to achieve the total dose [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

2.2 Recommended Dabigatran Etexilate Capsules Dosage for Adults Indication Dosage Reduction... [See full FDA label]

🚫 Contraindications ›

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Dabigatran etexilate capsules are contraindicated in patients with: • Active pathological bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)] • History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to dabigatran, dabigatran etexilate, or to one of the excipients of the product (e.g., anaphylactic reaction or anaphylactic shock) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] • Mechanical prosthetic heart valve [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Active pathological bleeding ( 4 ) • History of serious hypersensitivity reaction to dabigatran etexilate capsules ( 4 ) • Mechanical prosthetic heart valve ( 4 )

⚠️ Warnings & Precautions ›

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Bleeding: Dabigatran etexilate can cause serious and fatal bleeding ( 5.2 ) Bioprosthetic heart valves: Dabigatran etexilate use not recommended ( 5.4 ) Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Triple-Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Dabigatran etexilate use not recommended ( 5.6 )

5.1 Increased Risk of Thrombotic Events after Premature Discontinuation Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant, including dabigatran etexilate, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. If dabigatran etexilate capsules are discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider coverage with another anticoagulant and restart dabigatran etexilate capsules as soon as medically appropriate [see Dosage and Administration (2.6, 2.7, 2.8)].

5.2 Risk of Bleeding Dabigatran etexilate increases the risk of bleeding and can cause significant and, sometimes, fatal bleeding. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss (e.g., a drop in hemoglobin and/or hematocrit or hypotension). Discontinue dabigatran etexilate capsules in patients with active pathological bleeding [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. Risk factors for bleeding include the concomitant use of other drugs that increase the risk of bleeding (e.g., anti-platelet agents, heparin, fibrinolytic therapy, and chronic use of NSAIDs). Dabigatran etexilate’s anticoagulant activity and half-life are increased in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. Reversal of Anticoagulant Effect: In adults, a specific reversal agent (idarucizumab) for dabigatran etexilate is available when reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran is needed: For emergency surgery/urgent procedures In life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding In pediatric patients, the efficacy and safety of idarucizumab have not been established. Hemodialysis can remove dabigatran; however the... [See full FDA label]

🔴 Adverse Reactions ›

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Increased Risk of Thrombotic Events after Premature Discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Risk of Bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia or Puncture [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Thromboembolic and Bleeding Events in Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Triple-Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] The most serious adverse reactions reported with dabigatran etexilate were related to bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Most common adverse reactions (>15%) are gastrointestinal adverse reactions and bleeding ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reactions rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adult Trials Reduction of Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation The RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy) study provided safety information on the use of two doses of dabigatran etexilate capsules and warfarin [see Clinical Studies (14.1)] . The numbers of patients and their exposures are described in Table 2. Limited information is presented on the 110 mg dosing arm because this dose is not approved. Table 2: Summary of Treatment Exposure in RE-LY Dabigatran Etexilate Capsules 110 mg twice daily Dabigatran Etexilate Capsules 150 mg twice daily Warfarin Total number treated 5,983 6,059 5,998 Exposure > 12 months 4,936 4,939 5,193 > 24 months 2,387 2,405 2,470 Mean exposure (months) 20.5 20.3

21.3 Total patient-years 10... [See full FDA label]

💊 Drug Interactions ›

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • P-gp inducers: Avoid coadministration with dabigatran etexilate capsules ( 5.5 ) • P-gp inhibitors in adult patients with CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min: Reduce dosage or avoid ( 7 ) • P-gp inhibitors in adult patients with CrCl <30 mL/min: Not recommended ( 7 )

7.1 Reduction of Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Patients The concomitant use of dabigatran etexilate with P-gp inducers (e.g., rifampin) reduces exposure to dabigatran and should generally be avoided [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . P-gp inhibition and impaired renal function are the major independent factors that result in increased exposure to dabigatran [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Concomitant use of P-gp inhibitors in patients with renal impairment is expected to produce increased exposure of dabigatran compared to that seen with either factor alone. In patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min), reduce the dosage of dabigatran etexilate to 75 mg twice daily when administered concomitantly with the P-gp inhibitors dronedarone or systemic ketoconazole. The use of the P-gp inhibitors verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine, clarithromycin, and ticagrelor does not require a dosage adjustment of dabigatran etexilate. These results should not be extrapolated to other P-gp inhibitors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5), Use in Specific Populations (8.6), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . The concomitant use of dabigatran etexilate and P-gp inhibitors in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl 15 to 30 mL/min) should be avoided [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5), Use in Specific Populations (8.6), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

7.2 Treatment and Reduction in the Risk of Recurrence of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Adult Patients Avoid use of dabigatran etexilate and P-gp inhibitors in patients with CrCl <50 mL/min [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5), Use in Specific Populations (8.6), and ... [See full FDA label]

🤰 Pregnancy ›

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The limited available data on dabigatran etexilate use in pregnant women are insufficient to determine drug-associated risks for adverse developmental outcomes. There are risks to the mother associated with untreated venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and a risk of hemorrhage in the mother and fetus associated with the use of anticoagulants (see Clinical Considerations) . In pregnant rats treated from implantation until weaning, dabigatran increased the number of dead offspring and caused excess vaginal/uterine bleeding close to parturition at an exposure 2.6 times the human exposure. At a similar exposure, dabigatran decreased the number of implantations when rats were treated prior to mating and up to implantation (gestation Day 6). Dabigatran administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis up to exposures 8 and 13 times the human exposure, respectively, did not induce major malformations. However, the incidence of delayed or irregular ossification of fetal skull bones and vertebrae was increased in the rat (see Data) . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Pregnancy confers an increased risk for thromboembolism that is higher for women with underlying thromboembolic disease and certain high-risk pregnancy conditions. Published data describe that women with a previous history of venous thrombosis are at high risk for recurrence during pregnancy. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reaction Use of anticoagulants, including dabigatran etexilate, may increase the risk of bleeding in the fetus and neonate. Monitor neonates for b... [See full FDA label]

👶 Pediatric Use ›

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate capsules for the treatment and the reduction in risk of recurrence of venous thromboembolism have been established in pediatric patients 8 to less than 18 years of age. Use of dabigatran etexilate capsules for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in pediatric patients. These studies included an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study and an open-label, single-arm safety study [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14.4, 14.5) ]. Other age-appropriate pediatric dosage forms of dabigatran etexilate are available for pediatric patients less than 8 years of age for these indications. Safety and effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate capsules have not been established in pediatric patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation or those who have undergone hip replacement surgery.

👴 Geriatric Use ›

8.5 Geriatric Use Of the total number of patients in the RE-LY study, 82% were 65 and over, while 40% were 75 and over. The risk of stroke and bleeding increases with age, but the risk-benefit profile is favorable in all age groups [see Warnings and Precautions (5), Adverse Reactions (6.1), and Clinical Studies (14.1)] .

🔬 Mechanism of Action ›

12.1 Mechanism of Action Dabigatran and its acyl glucuronides are competitive, direct thrombin inhibitors. Because thrombin (serine protease) enables the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin during the coagulation cascade, its inhibition prevents the development of a thrombus. Both free and clot-bound thrombin, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation are inhibited by the active moieties.

📊 Pharmacokinetics ›

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Dabigatran etexilate mesylate is absorbed as the dabigatran etexilate ester. The ester is then hydrolyzed, forming dabigatran, the active moiety. Dabigatran is metabolized to four different acyl glucuronides and both the glucuronides and dabigatran have similar pharmacological activity. Pharmacokinetics described here refer to the sum of dabigatran and its glucuronides. Dabigatran displays dose-proportional pharmacokinetics in healthy adult subjects and adult patients in the range of doses from 10 to 400 mg. Given twice daily, dabigatran’s accumulation factor in adults and pediatrics is approximately two. Absorption The absolute bioavailability of dabigatran following oral administration of dabigatran etexilate is approximately 3% to 7%. Dabigatran etexilate is a substrate of the efflux transporter P-gp. After oral administration of dabigatran etexilate in healthy volunteers, C max occurs at 1-hour post-administration in the fasted state. Coadministration of dabigatran etexilate with a high-fat meal delays the time to C max by approximately 2 hours but has no effect on the bioavailability of dabigatran; dabigatran etexilate may be administered with or without food. The oral bioavailability of dabigatran etexilate increases by 75% when the pellets are taken without the capsule shell compared to the intact capsule formulation based on a single-dose relative bioavailability study. Dabigatran etexilate capsules should therefore not be broken, chewed, or opened before administration. Dabigatran etexilate is available in capsules and oral pellets. The approved indications and intended age groups are not the same. Oral absorption of dabigatran etexilate is formulation-dependent. At steady-state, dabigatran etexilate oral pellets show 37% higher relative bioavailability in healthy adults compared to dabigatran etexilate capsules based on a multiple-dose relative bioavailability study. In addition, the relative bioavailability between the two dosage f... [See full FDA label]

☠️ Overdosage ›

10 OVERDOSAGE Accidental overdose may lead to hemorrhagic complications. In the event of hemorrhagic complications, initiate appropriate clinical support, discontinue treatment with dabigatran etexilate, and investigate the source of bleeding. A specific reversal agent (idarucizumab) is available for adult patients. Dabigatran is primarily eliminated by the kidneys with a low plasma protein binding of approximately 35%. Hemodialysis can remove dabigatran; however, data supporting this approach are limited. Using a high-flux dialyzer, blood flow rate of 200 mL/min, and dialysate flow rate of 700 mL/min, approximately 49% of total dabigatran can be cleared from plasma over 4 hours. At the same dialysate flow rate, approximately 57% can be cleared using a dialyzer blood flow rate of 300 mL/min, with no appreciable increase in clearance observed at higher blood flow rates. Upon cessation of hemodialysis, a redistribution effect of approximately 7% to 15% is seen. The effect of dialysis on dabigatran’s plasma concentration would be expected to vary based on patient specific characteristics. Measurement of aPTT or ECT may help guide therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

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